Place a large rimmed baking sheet in the oven; preheat to 425 degrees F.
Combine chili powder, cumin, 1/2 tsp. salt, garlic powder, paprika, and ground pepper in a large bowl. Transfer 1 tsp. of the spice mixture to a medium bowl and set aside. Whisk 1 Tbsp. oil into the remaining spice mixture in the large bowl. Add chicken, onion, and red and green bell peppers; toss to coat.
Remove the pan from the oven; drizzle 1 tablespoon of olive oil over the pan. Spread the chicken mixture in an even layer on the pan. Roast for 15 minutes.
Meanwhile, combine black beans with the remaining 1/4 tsp. Salt, 1 Tbsp. olive oil and jalapeno slices in a large bowl; toss to coat. Set aside
Remove the pan from the oven. Stir the chicken and vegetables. Spread bean mixture evenly over the top. Roast until the chicken is cooked through and the vegetables are tender, 5 to 7 minutes more.
Meanwhile, add yogurt, and lime juice to the reserved spice mixture; stir to combine. Add additional lime juice if needed.
Divide the chicken and vegetable mixture among 4 bowls. Drizzle with the yogurt dressing, sriracha (if using), chopped cilantro and serve.